Mount Roraima (in the Pemón Roraima Tepui language , Roroi means "greenish blue" and Ma means "grandiose"; and Tepui means "house of the spirits") is one of the 115 tepuis of the Gran Sabana . It is the highest of the Pakaraima chain of Tepui plateaus in South America, and constitutes the triple border point between Venezuela, Brazil and Guyana. Mount Roraima is located in the Guyana shield, in the extreme southeast of the 30,000 km² Canaima National ParkVenezuela, forming the highest peak of the Guyana Highlands Range. The park's plateaus are considered one of the oldest geological formations on earth, dating back 2 billion years to the Precambrian.
The highest point of the Mount is Maverick Rock, at 2,810 meters, and its summit area (31 km²) is sheltered by 400-meter-high cliffs on all sides. The landscape on the high plateau is a maze of rocks with many gorges (sometimes hundreds of meters deep), not a flat plateau, as previously thought. The climate is humid and tropical in the background (up to 30 ºC), while at the top of the plateau it is more moderate (up to 10 ºC) under different environmental conditions. It rains almost every day of the year.
Many of the species found in Roraima are unique to the plateau. Various types of forest grow on the top of the mountain, with a wide variety of orchids, bromeliads, and carnivorous plant species. Animal diversity consists of insects, birds, toads and also reptiles and small mammals such as mice. Reports by the famous South American explorer Sir Robert Hermann Schomburgk inspired the English doctor Arthur Conan Doyle to write a novel, The Lost World (1912), which dealt with the discovery of a living prehistoric world, with dinosaurs and prehistoric plants.
Long before the arrival of European explorers, the Mountain has held social significance for the indigenous people of the region, and is the center of many of their myths and legends. The Pemón and Kapón natives of the Gran Sabana view Mount Roraima as the trunk of a mighty tree that once contained all the tubercular fruits and vegetables in the world. Cut down by Makunaima, its mythical trickster, the tree fell to the ground unleashing a terrible flood. The native Indians never attempted to climb the Roraima Tepui.